Handwriting

• Handwriting can be used to determin if the suspect wrote a ransome not in a kidnapping or killing.
• the suspect is not shown the questioned document or told how to spell or how to use punctuation.
• they are given similar writing materials so then the writing can be compared as closley as possible.
• People write the same all th etime even when they try to forger a letter and when the writer is attempting to disguise their writing.

Types of Fingerprints

There are 3 types of fingerprints:

• Visible prints:  are left in some kind of medium such as blood, dirt, ink, or grease it is visible to the naked eye.
• Latent prints:   are not visible to the naked eye they are formed from oils, ater, salt, amino acids from glands on the body
• Impresses prints:   are also called plastic prints and are left in soft putty like surface such as clay, wax, paint, or other surfaces that will take impressions.

Hair and Fiber

• Trichology is the study of hair it studies back to the mid 1800s.
• There are three major types of hair analysis:
• chemical assys used to assess the use of illegal drugs, the presence of heavy metals in the body, and to test for nutritional deficiencies.
• the root of the hair is used for DNA analyses
• microscopic comparison if hair can be determined if the hair from another place if they are the same person or animal.
• since hair grows out of living cells it is almost entirely made up of the protien Keratin.
• the hair is anchored in a follicle which has associated muscles called arrector pili.
• The hair is made up of three layers:
• the medulla: is the innermost canal that extends through the hair
• the cortex:surrounds the medulla and is makes up the majority of the mass
• the cuticle: the outer most layer, is a single layer of scales

Mid

• While visual characteristics can change fingerprints stay the same through out your life.
• In earlier civilizations criminals were branded with tattoos or if they stole they lost their hand.
• In the mid-1800s the law enforcers remembered the criminals faces later they took photos but physical looks can change.
• Later French anthropologist Alphonse Bertillon came up with a system to measure and record the dimensions of certian parts of the body.
• The system does not work with identical twins but their finger prints are different

Prehistoric

• The earliest fingerprint was in rock painting where the painter left hand prints in the paint found in Nova Scotia, Canada.
• The earliest account of fingerprint use for identity was during 7th century.

Blood Transfusions

When donated blood is given to an idividual from another there are chances the red cells will clump together and crack causing taxic reactions that can have fatal consequences.

This happens when the receiver has sntibodies against the donors blood.

Blood types

The main types of blood are:

• A
• B
• AB
• O

Lifting prints

• The oldest method:
• iodine fuming which is a solid crystal that when heated transforms into a vapor.
• Once the process is stopped the print will begin to fade.  So the print either needs to be photographed or sprayed with a 1% solution of starch water.

Fingerprint patterns

• The different patterns of fingerprints have been put into three different groups:
• Whorls
• Loops
• Archs
• No two fingerprints are the same though, identical twins don't even have the same fingerprints.

Crime Scene

We were called into to investigate a homicide.  When we arived at the scene there was a female body with a criss-cross pattern on the face.  We found Mike Kelly's handwriting, dog hair, human hair
(race: white), fiber from a tennis racket, and a tennis shoe print.  The dog hair pointed straight at Bebo the dog.  The criss-cross pattern on the victims face was the same pattern that a tennis racket strings.  The handwriting, hair, bloodtype, fibers, and the pattern on the victim's face pionts right at MIKE KELLY!!!!

Story for killing:
The victim was mr. Kelly's opponent in the tennis compitition.  She was the only person who had a chance to kill him so in order to win he decided to kill her.  He went over to her place with his tennis racket and his dog.  He most likely used an excuse like wanting practice for the game to get into her house.  He used his tennis racket to smash in her face, killing her.